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The World as Will and Representation
''The World as Will and Representation'' ((ドイツ語:Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung)) is the central work of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. The first edition was published in December 1818,〔Bryan Magee, ''Schopenhauer''〕 and the second expanded edition in 1844. In 1948, an abridged version was edited by Thomas Mann.〔Thomas Mann, ''Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung von Schopenhauer in einer gekürzten Fassung dargeboten von Thomas Mann'' (Zürich : Classen, 1948)〕
==English translations==
In the English language, this work is known under three different titles. Although English publications about Schopenhauer played a role in the recognition of his fame as a philosopher in later life (1851 until his death in 1860)〔especially John Oxenford, "Iconoclasm in German Philosophy," in ''Westminster Review'', new series 3 (1853): 388–407〕 and a three volume translation by R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp, titled ''The World as Will and Idea'', appeared already in 1883–1886,〔Arthur Schopenhauer, ''The World As Will and Idea'', 3 vols. transl. R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1883–1886)〕 the first English translation of the expanded edition of this work under this title ''The World as Will and Representation'' appeared by E.F.J.Payne (who also translated several other works of Schopenhauer) as late as in 1958〔Arthur Schopenhauer "The world as will and representation", transl. by E.F.J. Payne (Indian Hills, Colorado : The Falcon’s Wing, 1958)〕 (paperback editions in 1966 and 1969).〔Arthur Schopenhauer "The world as will and representation", Courier Dover Publications (1969)〕 A later English translation by Richard E. Aquila in collaboration with David Carus is titled ''The World as Will and Presentation'' (2008).〔Arthur Schopenhauer, ''The World as Will and Presentation'', trans. Richard E. Aquila in collaboration with David Carus (New York: Longman, 2008)〕
Translator Aquila believes that the reader will not grasp the details of the philosophy of Schopenhauer properly without this new title: "The World as Will and Presentation." According to him, "Idea," "Representation," and "Presentation" are all acceptable renderings of the word ''Vorstellung'', but it is the notion of a performance or a theatrical presentation that is key in his interpretation. The world that we perceive is a "presentation" of objects in the theatre of our own mind; the observers, the "subject," each craft the show with their own stage managers, stagehands, sets, lighting, code of dress, pay scale, etc. The other aspect of the world, the Will, or "thing in itself," which is not perceivable as a presentation, exists outside time, space, and causality. Aquila claims to make these distinctions as linguistically precise as possible.
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